A Structured Overlay for Multi-dimensional Range Queries

We introduce SONAR, a structured overlay to store and retrieve objects addressed by multi-dimensional names (keys). The overlay has the shape of a multi-dimensional torus, where each node is responsible for a contiguous part of the data space. A uniform distribution of keys on the data space is not necessary, because denser areas get assigned more nodes. To nevertheless support logarithmic routing, SONAR maintains, per dimension, fingers to other nodes, that span an exponentially increasing number of nodes. Most other overlays maintain such fingers in the key-space instead and therefore require a uniform data distribution. SONAR, in contrast, avoids hashing and is therefore able to perform range queries of arbitrary shape in a logarithmic number of routing steps—independent of the number of systemand query-dimensions. SONAR needs just one hop for updating an entry in its routing table: A longer finger is calculated by querying the node referred to by the next shorter finger for its shorter finger. This doubles the number of spanned nodes and leads to exponentially spaced fingers.